The Main Types of Diabetes Mellitus

Before it that we discuss the types of diabetes first of all we will see in short that what is the diabetes? Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body does not properly use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the concentration of sugar in the blood. Hyperglycemia or high blood levels of sugar, leads to complications in the eyes, kidneys, heart and blood vessels.

Types of diabetes:-

The main types of diabetes are as following:

• Type 1 diabetes.
• Type 2 diabetes
• Gestational diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (previously known as insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile) is characterized by insufficient production of insulin and requires daily administration of the latter. This can be caused by a virus or toxic or autoimmune reaction that causes the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for the synthesis of insulin. This type of diabetes especially children and young adults, although the incidence in adults appears to be increasing. It affects approximately 10% of diabetics.

Type 2 diabetes (formerly called non-insulin dependent diabetes or adult-onset diabetes) results from a misuse of insulin by the body. This problem usually occurs in people over 45 years, but the incidence is growing rapidly among the younger. This type of diabetes, by far the most common, affecting approximately 90% of diabetics. Its symptoms can be the same as those of type 1 diabetes, but are often less marked. Therefore, the disease may be diagnosed several years after onset, once complications already present.

Gestational diabetes, some women develop gestational diabetes during the late stages of pregnancy, Simply we can say that it is defined as any glucose intolerance or diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, usually during the second or third quarter. Often, gestational diabetes is temporary and disappears shortly after delivery. Symptoms of gestational diabetes are the same as those of type 2 diabetes. It is often diagnosed during prenatal screening and not due to symptoms.

There is another form of diabetes, diabetes insipidus. It is a rare disease caused by insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland, called "vasopressin". Diabetes insipidus is accompanied by an increase in urine flow, while the sugar remains quite normal. Thus, it has nothing to do with diabetes mellitus. It's called "diabetes" tasteless because, as in diabetes mellitus, urine flow is abundant. However, urine is dull rather than sweet. (The term comes from the old methods of diagnosis: the taste of urine!)